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                            <h1>Research</h1>
            
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			<h2 class="mco-title-block-title">The journey to discovery is guided by science — and inspired by patients</h2>

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<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Merck Research Laboratories: Where extraordinary breakthroughs happen</h3>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Our research in action</h2>



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		<div class="stat-block-statistic">~23.5K</div>

		<div class="stat-block-tablet-wrapper">
						<p class="stat-block-description">People employed in R&amp;D</p>
			
						<a href="https://jobs.merck.com/us/en/research-laboratories" title="Careers"
				target="_self"
				class="stat-block-cta btn secondary">Careers</a>
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				<img class="stat-block-icon lazyload" loading="lazy" data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2023/04/Test-tube-volume-flask.svg?resize=56" alt="icon" />
		
		
		<div class="stat-block-statistic">$17.9B</div>

		<div class="stat-block-tablet-wrapper">
						<p class="stat-block-description">Invested in R&amp;D in 2024</p>
			
						<a href="https://www.merck.com/research/product-pipeline/" title="Pipeline"
				target="_self"
				class="stat-block-cta btn secondary">Pipeline</a>
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				<img class="stat-block-icon lazyload" loading="lazy" data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2024/06/03240_MERCK_ICON_DARK_BLUE_RGB_Contents.png?resize=56" alt="icon" />
		
		
		<div class="stat-block-statistic">1,400+</div>

		<div class="stat-block-tablet-wrapper">
						<p class="stat-block-description">Publications by our scientists</p>
			
						<a href="https://www.merck.com/research/publications/" title="Publications"
				target="_self"
				class="stat-block-cta btn secondary">Publications</a>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a class="btn" href="https://www.merck.com/research/our-science-in-action/">Learn more</a></p>



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                Our areas of focus            </h2>
                        <p class="mcc-b7-related-link-description">We follow the science and apply our expertise on core therapeutic areas where we have the greatest potential to help save and improve lives.</p>
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                                <span class="title">Oncology</span>
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</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Oncology                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>Our teams of researchers and scientists are pushing the boundaries of cancer research to discover more effective anticancer therapies.</p>
                                                                <p><a
                                        class="btn secondary"
                                        href="https://www.merck.com/research/oncology/"
                                        title="Oncology"
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                                    >Our work in oncology</a></p>
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                                <span class="title">Vaccines</span>
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	<img data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2020/02/vaccines.jpeg?resize=778%2C519&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1" alt="illustration of immune cells interacting with pathogens" class="mcc-b7-related-link-link-image lazyload" loading="lazy" />
</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Vaccines                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>Vaccines are one of the greatest public health success stories — and we’ve been discovering, developing, supplying and delivering vaccines to help prevent disease for over 130 years. </p>
                                                                <p><a
                                        class="btn secondary"
                                        href="https://www.merck.com/research/vaccines/"
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                                    >Our work in vaccines</a></p>
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                                <span class="title">Infectious diseases</span>
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	<img data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2020/07/Science-Visuals-Infectious-Disease-Virus-in-infected-organism-72469489-HI_42_high.jpg?resize=778%2C519&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1" alt="Virus cell" class="mcc-b7-related-link-link-image lazyload" loading="lazy" />
</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Infectious diseases                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>Our focus has always been on the prevention and treatment of diseases that threaten people and communities around the world.</p>
                                                                <p><a
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	<img data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2020/03/Science-Visuals-Cardiovascular-and-Diabetes-Pancreas-and-aorta-3D-CT-scan-SPL-HI_121_high-1-1.jpg?resize=778%2C519&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1" alt="Science-Visuals-Cardiovascular-and-Diabetes-Pancreas-and-aorta" class="mcc-b7-related-link-link-image lazyload" loading="lazy" />
</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Cardio-metabolic disorders                                     </h4>
                                                                    <p>We have a long history of making an impact in cardio-metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.</p>
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</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Immunology                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>We’re at the forefront of research, seeking to translate scientific discoveries into treatments for people with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders.</p>
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</picture>                                    <h4 class="mcc-b7-related-link-sub-title">
                                        Neuroscience                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>We&#039;re tackling the complexities and therapeutic challenges of some of the most devastating neurological disorders.</p>
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                                        Ophthalmology                                    </h4>
                                                                    <p>Our team is dedicated to exploring and advancing new therapeutics for a range of retinal diseases, which remain among the most significant therapeutic challenges in ophthalmology. </p>
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                    Areas of innovation                </h3 >
			
			                <div class="mco-b5-content-block-description"><p>We’re harnessing new tools, techniques and technologies to accelerate our pipeline and deliver transformative medicines and vaccines to patients.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.merck.com/research/areas-of-innovation/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/">Data science and artificial intelligence</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.merck.com/research/areas-of-innovation/green-and-sustainable-science/">Green and sustainable science</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.merck.com/research/areas-of-innovation/our-therapeutic-modalities/">Our therapeutic modalities</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.merck.com/research/areas-of-innovation/translational-medicine/">Translational medicine</a></li>
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                    <h5>Pipeline</h5>

                                            <p class="mco-four-column-content-col-description">We have a proud legacy of turning breakthrough science into medicines and vaccines that save and improve lives around the world. 
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                    <h5>Business development and licensing</h5>

                                            <p class="mco-four-column-content-col-description">With a robust pipeline and portfolio fueled by both our own discoveries and external innovation, we know that collaborations are critical to advancing bold science.

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                                            <div class="mco-four-column-content-col-wysiwyg"><p><a href="https://www.merck.com/research/business-development-and-licensing/"><strong>Collaborate with us</strong></a></p>
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                    <h5>Clinical trials</h5>

                                            <p class="mco-four-column-content-col-description">Our progress is due in large part to the important and tough scientific questions we set out to answer with our clinical trials. 
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                    <h5>Publications</h5>

                                            <p class="mco-four-column-content-col-description">As part of our commitment to unparalleled research, our scientists and postdoctoral research fellows are encouraged to be active members of the scientific community. 

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			<h2 class="mco-title-block-title">Discovery &amp; development</h2>

							<p class="mco-title-block-description"><p>We’re focused on transforming novel science into groundbreaking medicines and vaccines for patients.</p>
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		        <div class="mco-b5-content-block-content-section">
			
			                <h3 class="mco-b5-content-block-heading mcc-b5-normal-title">
                    Drug discovery                </h3 >
			
			                <div class="mco-b5-content-block-description"><p>Drug discovery and development is a complex and lengthy process. It requires creativity, tenacity and agility and the expertise of thousands of scientists working diligently toward our goal to save and improve lives around the world.</p>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Meet our scientists</h2>



<p>Innovation is fueled by diverse expertise and backgrounds. Our R&amp;D leaders are pushing scientific boundaries at Merck. <a href="https://www.merck.com/research/meet-our-scientists/">Meet our scientists</a>.</p>



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<p><a href="https://www.merck.com/meet-our-scientists/dean-li-md-ph-d/"><strong>Dean Li</strong></a><br>Executive vice president and president, Merck Research Laboratories</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="666" height="664" src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2023/09/EliavBarr.jpg?w=666" alt="" class="wp-image-3627836"/></figure>



<p><a href="https://www.merck.com/meet-our-scientists/eliav-barr-md/"><strong>Eliav Barr</strong></a><br>Senior vice president, head of global clinical development and chief medical officer</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.merck.com/meet-our-scientists/george-addona-ph-d/"><strong>George Addona</strong></a><br>Senior vice president and head, discovery, preclinical development and translational medicine</p>
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                    Postdoctoral Research Fellows Program                </h3 >
			
			                <div class="mco-b5-content-block-description"><p>Our Postdoctoral Research Fellows Program aims to be a best-in-industry experience for Ph.D. graduates, providing academic focus in a large pharmaceutical environment.</p>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Where we work</h2>



<p>Research based on innovation is at the core of who we are and what we do. It starts with the capabilities and expertise at our facilities, but we&#8217;re open to collaboration anywhere the science leads us. <a href="https://www.merck.com/research/rd-locations/">View all of our R&amp;D locations. </a></p>


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                    <h5>Rahway</h5>

                    
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                                    data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2020/03/south-san-fran.jpg?resize=292%2C194&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
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                    <h5>South San Francisco</h5>

                    
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                                    alt="Boston, MA facility"
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                    <h5>Boston</h5>

                    
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                                    class="lazyload"
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                                    alt="West Point"
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                    <h5>West Point</h5>

                    
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        <h3 class="mco-content-teaser-card-block-title fixed-h3">Read our R&amp;D stories</h3>				    </div>

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                     href="https://www.merck.com/stories/tl1a-exploring-a-potentially-important-target-for-inflammatory-bowel-disease/"
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                                />
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                                        data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2024/10/TL1A_CallOutImage_v1.png?resize=404%2C268&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
                                        alt="TL1A diagram"
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						                        <h5 class="fixed-h5">TL1A: Exploring a potentially important target for inflammatory bowel disease</h5>                        <p>Our  scientists are investigating ways to modulate TL1A to potentially address inflammation and fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease</p>
                    </div>
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                     href="https://www.merck.com/stories/what-is-one-pipeline/"
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                                        data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2024/05/BWS_4881.jpg?resize=404%2C268&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
                                        alt="group of people in conference room table talking"
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						                        <h5 class="fixed-h5">What is One Pipeline?</h5>                        <p>How we’re advancing the best internal and external science to progress our pipeline for patients</p>
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                     href="https://www.merck.com/stories/meet-two-scientists-at-the-forefront-of-our-hiv-research/"
                                    >
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                                        data-srcset="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2023/06/HIVLeadImage.jpg?resize=321%2C196&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
                                />
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                                />
                                <img
                                        data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2023/06/HIVLeadImage.jpg?resize=404%2C268&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
                                        alt="Merck HIV researchers"
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                                />
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                    <div class="mco-content-teaser-card-item-content">
						                        <h5 class="fixed-h5">Meet two scientists at the forefront of our HIV research</h5>                        <p>Two esteemed scientists share their motivations and hopes for the future of HIV research</p>
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                     href="https://www.merck.com/stories/exploring-the-potential-use-of-pet-tracers-in-neurodegenerative-disease-research/"
                                    >
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                                />
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                                />
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                                />
                                <img
                                        data-src="https://www.merck.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/124/2025/11/WatchVideoThumbnail_Template_PETtracer.png?resize=404%2C268&#038;quality=70&#038;allow_lossy=1"
                                        alt="Photo of pet tracer machine"
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						                        <h5 class="fixed-h5">Exploring the potential use of PET tracers in neurodegenerative disease research</h5>                        <p>Merck scientists are researching the potential of an investigational alpha-synuclein PET tracer in early identification of Parkinson’s disease</p>
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  // prepend BOM for UTF-8 XML and text/* types (including HTML)
  // note: your browser will automatically convert UTF-16 U+FEFF to EF BB BF
  if (opts.autoBom && /^\s*(?:text\/\S*|application\/xml|\S*\/\S*\+xml)\s*;.*charset\s*=\s*utf-8/i.test(blob.type)) {
    return new Blob([String.fromCharCode(0xFEFF), blob], { type: blob.type })
  }
  return blob
}

function download (url, name, opts) {
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
  xhr.open('GET', url)
  xhr.responseType = 'blob'
  xhr.onload = function () {
    saveAs(xhr.response, name, opts)
  }
  xhr.onerror = function () {
    console.error('could not download file')
  }
  xhr.send()
}

function corsEnabled (url) {
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
  // use sync to avoid popup blocker
  xhr.open('HEAD', url, false)
  try {
    xhr.send()
  } catch (e) {}
  return xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status <= 299
}

// `a.click()` doesn't work for all browsers (#465)
function click (node) {
  try {
    node.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent('click'))
  } catch (e) {
    var evt = document.createEvent('MouseEvents')
    evt.initMouseEvent('click', true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 80,
                          20, false, false, false, false, 0, null)
    node.dispatchEvent(evt)
  }
}

// Detect WebView inside a native macOS app by ruling out all browsers
// We just need to check for 'Safari' because all other browsers (besides Firefox) include that too
// https://www.whatismybrowser.com/guides/the-latest-user-agent/macos
var isMacOSWebView = /Macintosh/.test(navigator.userAgent) && /AppleWebKit/.test(navigator.userAgent) && !/Safari/.test(navigator.userAgent)

var saveAs = _global.saveAs || (
  // probably in some web worker
  (typeof window !== 'object' || window !== _global)
    ? function saveAs () { /* noop */ }

  // Use download attribute first if possible (#193 Lumia mobile) unless this is a macOS WebView
  : ('download' in HTMLAnchorElement.prototype && !isMacOSWebView)
  ? function saveAs (blob, name, opts) {
    var URL = _global.URL || _global.webkitURL
    var a = document.createElement('a')
    name = name || blob.name || 'download'

    a.download = name
    a.rel = 'noopener' // tabnabbing

    // TODO: detect chrome extensions & packaged apps
    // a.target = '_blank'

    if (typeof blob === 'string') {
      // Support regular links
      a.href = blob
      if (a.origin !== location.origin) {
        corsEnabled(a.href)
          ? download(blob, name, opts)
          : click(a, a.target = '_blank')
      } else {
        click(a)
      }
    } else {
      // Support blobs
      a.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      setTimeout(function () { URL.revokeObjectURL(a.href) }, 4E4) // 40s
      setTimeout(function () { click(a) }, 0)
    }
  }

  // Use msSaveOrOpenBlob as a second approach
  : 'msSaveOrOpenBlob' in navigator
  ? function saveAs (blob, name, opts) {
    name = name || blob.name || 'download'

    if (typeof blob === 'string') {
      if (corsEnabled(blob)) {
        download(blob, name, opts)
      } else {
        var a = document.createElement('a')
        a.href = blob
        a.target = '_blank'
        setTimeout(function () { click(a) })
      }
    } else {
      navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob(bom(blob, opts), name)
    }
  }

  // Fallback to using FileReader and a popup
  : function saveAs (blob, name, opts, popup) {
    // Open a popup immediately do go around popup blocker
    // Mostly only available on user interaction and the fileReader is async so...
    popup = popup || open('', '_blank')
    if (popup) {
      popup.document.title =
      popup.document.body.innerText = 'downloading...'
    }

    if (typeof blob === 'string') return download(blob, name, opts)

    var force = blob.type === 'application/octet-stream'
    var isSafari = /constructor/i.test(_global.HTMLElement) || _global.safari
    var isChromeIOS = /CriOS\/[\d]+/.test(navigator.userAgent)

    if ((isChromeIOS || (force && isSafari) || isMacOSWebView) && typeof FileReader !== 'undefined') {
      // Safari doesn't allow downloading of blob URLs
      var reader = new FileReader()
      reader.onloadend = function () {
        var url = reader.result
        url = isChromeIOS ? url : url.replace(/^data:[^;]*;/, 'data:attachment/file;')
        if (popup) popup.location.href = url
        else location = url
        popup = null // reverse-tabnabbing #460
      }
      reader.readAsDataURL(blob)
    } else {
      var URL = _global.URL || _global.webkitURL
      var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      if (popup) popup.location = url
      else location.href = url
      popup = null // reverse-tabnabbing #460
      setTimeout(function () { URL.revokeObjectURL(url) }, 4E4) // 40s
    }
  }
)

_global.saveAs = saveAs.saveAs = saveAs

if (typeof module !== 'undefined') {
  module.exports = saveAs;
}

/*! ics.js Wed Sept 14 2017 */
var ics=function(e,t){"use strict";{if(!(navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")>-1&&-1==navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 10"))){void 0===e&&(e="default"),void 0===t&&(t="Calendar");var r=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Win")?"\r\n":"\n",n=[],i=["BEGIN:VCALENDAR","PRODID:"+t,"VERSION:2.0"].join(r),o=r+"END:VCALENDAR",a=["SU","MO","TU","WE","TH","FR","SA"];return{events:function(){return n},calendar:function(){return i+r+n.join(r)+o},addEvent:function(t,i,o,l,u,s){if(void 0===t||void 0===i||void 0===o||void 0===l||void 0===u)return!1;if(s&&!s.rrule){if("YEARLY"!==s.freq&&"MONTHLY"!==s.freq&&"WEEKLY"!==s.freq&&"DAILY"!==s.freq)throw"Recurrence rrule frequency must be provided and be one of the following: 'YEARLY', 'MONTHLY', 'WEEKLY', or 'DAILY'";if(s.until&&isNaN(Date.parse(s.until)))throw"Recurrence rrule 'until' must be a valid date string";if(s.interval&&isNaN(parseInt(s.interval)))throw"Recurrence rrule 'interval' must be an integer";if(s.count&&isNaN(parseInt(s.count)))throw"Recurrence rrule 'count' must be an integer";if(void 0!==s.byday){if("[object Array]"!==Object.prototype.toString.call(s.byday))throw"Recurrence rrule 'byday' must be an array";if(s.byday.length>7)throw"Recurrence rrule 'byday' array must not be longer than the 7 days in a week";s.byday=s.byday.filter(function(e,t){return s.byday.indexOf(e)==t});for(var c in s.byday)if(a.indexOf(s.byday[c])<0)throw"Recurrence rrule 'byday' values must include only the following: 'SU', 'MO', 'TU', 'WE', 'TH', 'FR', 'SA'"}}var g=new Date(l),d=new Date(u),f=new Date,S=("0000"+g.getFullYear().toString()).slice(-4),E=("00"+(g.getMonth()+1).toString()).slice(-2),v=("00"+g.getDate().toString()).slice(-2),y=("00"+g.getHours().toString()).slice(-2),A=("00"+g.getMinutes().toString()).slice(-2),T=("00"+g.getSeconds().toString()).slice(-2),b=("0000"+d.getFullYear().toString()).slice(-4),D=("00"+(d.getMonth()+1).toString()).slice(-2),N=("00"+d.getDate().toString()).slice(-2),h=("00"+d.getHours().toString()).slice(-2),I=("00"+d.getMinutes().toString()).slice(-2),R=("00"+d.getMinutes().toString()).slice(-2),M=("0000"+f.getFullYear().toString()).slice(-4),w=("00"+(f.getMonth()+1).toString()).slice(-2),L=("00"+f.getDate().toString()).slice(-2),O=("00"+f.getHours().toString()).slice(-2),p=("00"+f.getMinutes().toString()).slice(-2),Y=("00"+f.getMinutes().toString()).slice(-2),U="",V="";y+A+T+h+I+R!=0&&(U="T"+y+A+T,V="T"+h+I+R);var B,C=S+E+v+U,j=b+D+N+V,m=M+w+L+("T"+O+p+Y);if(s)if(s.rrule)B=s.rrule;else{if(B="rrule:FREQ="+s.freq,s.until){var x=new Date(Date.parse(s.until)).toISOString();B+=";UNTIL="+x.substring(0,x.length-13).replace(/[-]/g,"")+"000000Z"}s.interval&&(B+=";INTERVAL="+s.interval),s.count&&(B+=";COUNT="+s.count),s.byday&&s.byday.length>0&&(B+=";BYDAY="+s.byday.join(","))}(new Date).toISOString();var H=["BEGIN:VEVENT","UID:"+n.length+"@"+e,"CLASS:PUBLIC","DESCRIPTION:"+i,"DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:"+m,"DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:"+C,"DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:"+j,"LOCATION:"+o,"SUMMARY;LANGUAGE=en-us:"+t,"TRANSP:TRANSPARENT","END:VEVENT"];return B&&H.splice(4,0,B),H=H.join(r),n.push(H),H},download:function(e,t){if(n.length<1)return!1;t=void 0!==t?t:".ics",e=void 0!==e?e:"calendar";var a,l=i+r+n.join(r)+o;if(-1===navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 10"))a=new Blob([l]);else{var u=new BlobBuilder;u.append(l),a=u.getBlob("text/x-vCalendar;charset="+document.characterSet)}return saveAs(a,e+t),l},build:function(){return!(n.length<1)&&i+r+n.join(r)+o}}}console.log("Unsupported Browser")}};


function GenerateICS(title, description, start, end) {
    let cal = new ics();
    cal.addEvent(decodeURIComponent(title), decodeURIComponent(description), "", start, end);
    cal.download(decodeURIComponent(title));
}
</script></div><!-- #page -->
<script type="speculationrules">
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<div id="externalLinkModal" class="popup" style="display: none;">
    <div class="popup-wrapper">
        <div class="popup-content forward-guide-modal-content" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="externalLinkModalTitle">
            <h3 id="externalLinkModalTitle"></h3>

            <div class="forward-guidance-content">
                <p id="externalLinkModalMessage" style="max-width: 31.25rem;"></p>
            </div>

            <div class="btn-container text-center">
                <button class="btn tertiary" id="externalLinkCancelBtn" title=""></button>
                <a href="#" target="_blank" class="btn tertiary negative" id="externalLinkModalBtn" onclick="closeExternalLinkModal()"></a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
    var linkedContainers = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[role="link"]'));
    var anchorLinks = [].slice.call(document.links);
    var documentLinks = linkedContainers.concat(anchorLinks);

    var allowedDomains = ([".local","merck-go-vip","merck-develop.go-vip.co\/merck","merck-preprod.go-vip.co\/merck","vip-msd.com\/merck","merck.com","q4cdn.com","cloudfront.net","wpvip-safety-data-sheets.s3.amazonaws.com","google.com\/calendar","outlook.live.com\/calendar","calendar.yahoo.com","merckhelps.com","merckaccessprogram.com","merckmanuals.com","merckconnect.com","merckclinicaltrials.com","merck-animal-health.com","merckformothers.com","mrknewsroom.com","facebook.com","twitter.com","linkedin.com","mailto:","javascript:","tel:","REGEXP:cts.businesswire.com.*url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merck.com","REGEXP:cts.businesswire.com.*url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merck.com","REGEXP:protect.checkpoint.com.*___http(s)?:\/www.merck.com","REGEXP:cts.businesswire.com.*url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.merck.com"] || []).filter(function(domain) {
        return stripHttpsWWW(domain) !== stripHttpsWWW(document.location.hostname) && Boolean(domain);
    });
    var configuredExternalLinks = ([{"title":"You are leaving Merck.com","message":"The link you have selected will direct you to a site outside of www.merck.com. We are Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA known as MSD outside the United States and Canada. ","cancelBtnText":"Cancel","continueBtnText":"Proceed","domains":["*"]}] || []);


    /**
     * This function processes internal links for the Three Column Content Block.
     */
    function makeThreeColumnContentClickable(link, href, target) {
        if (link.role !== 'link' || !href) {
            return;
        }

        link.addEventListener('click', function(e) {

            e.preventDefault();
            e.stopPropagation();
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            var win = window.open(href, target);

            if (win) {
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                    return true;
                }
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            return false;
        };
    }

    function processLink(link) {

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            return;
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        if (shouldAllowDomain(href)) {
            //process internal links
            makeThreeColumnContentClickable(link, href, target);
            return;
        }

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            e.stopImmediatePropagation();

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            if (!modalData) {
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                if (win) {
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                return;
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            var modal = document.getElementById('externalLinkModal');
            var modalTitle = document.getElementById('externalLinkModalTitle');
            var modalCancelBtn = document.getElementById('externalLinkCancelBtn');
            var modalMessage = document.getElementById('externalLinkModalMessage');
            var modalContinueLink = document.getElementById('externalLinkModalBtn');

            if (link.dataset.src === 'karma-release' && !true) {
                modalData.message = 'This content is not available to residents outside the US and Canada';
                modalData.title = '';
                modalData.cancelBtnText = 'Ok';
                modalContinueLink.style.display = 'none';
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                modalContinueLink.href = href;
                modalContinueLink.target = target;
                modalContinueLink.textContent = modalData.continueBtnText || 'Proceed';
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                        if (document.activeElement === firstElement) {
                            lastElement.focus();
                            event.preventDefault();
                        }
                    } else { // Tab
                        if (document.activeElement === lastElement) {
                            firstElement.focus();
                            event.preventDefault();
                        }
                    }
                }
            });

            modalCancelBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
                closeExternalLinkModal();
                link.focus();
            });
        });
        link.setAttribute('role', 'button');
        link.setAttribute('aria-haspopup', 'true');
        link.classList.add('external-link-with-popup');
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < documentLinks.length; i++) {
        processLink(documentLinks[i]);
    }

    function getExternalLinkContent(link) {
        var wildCardLinks = [];

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            var configuredExternalLink = configuredExternalLinks[i];

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                if (domain === '*') {
                    wildCardLinks.push(configuredExternalLink);
                }

                if (link.indexOf(domain) !== -1) {
                    return configuredExternalLink;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!wildCardLinks.length) {
            return null;
        }

        return wildCardLinks[0];
    }

    function stripHttpsWWW(link){
        return link.replace(/^(https?:\/\/)?(www\.)?/i, '');
    }

    function shouldAllowDomain(link) {
        //get the domain text without the http or https or www.
        var urlParts = stripHttpsWWW(link).split('/');

        if (!urlParts.length) {
            return false;
        }

        var domain = urlParts[0];
        var currentDomain = stripHttpsWWW(document.location.hostname);

        // Allow if the domain matches the current domain
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            return true;
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            // Check if it's a protocol (e.g., tel:, mailto:, javascript:)
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                if (allowedDomainRegex.test(link)) {
                    return true
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            allowedDomain = stripHttpsWWW(allowedDomain);
            return domain === allowedDomain || domain.endsWith(`.${allowedDomain}`);
        })) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    function isSubdomain(domain) {
        return domain.split('.').length !== 2;
    }

    function closeExternalLinkModal() {
        var modal = document.getElementById('externalLinkModal');

        if (modal) {
            modal.style.display = 'none';
        }
    }

    try {
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        const mcc_el_observer_config = { attributes: false, childList: true, subtree: true };

        // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed
        const pageMutatedHandler = function(mutationsList) {
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        // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function
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        // Start observing the target node for configured mutations
        mcc_el_observer.observe(document.querySelector('#page'), mcc_el_observer_config);
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</script>
<div id="ukUserModal" class="popup" style="display: none;">
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        <div class="popup-content foward-guide-modal-content">

            <h3></h3>

            <div class="forward-guidance-content">
                <p style="max-width: 31.25rem;"></p>
            </div>

            <div class="btn-container text-center">
                <a target="_blank" class="btn tertiary negative" id="externalLinkModalBtn" onclick="AcceptUKMessage();">
                                    </a>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">
    function AcceptUKMessage() {
        try {
            let accepted = {
                expire: new Date(new Date().getTime() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 1000)
            };
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        } catch (ex) {
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</script>



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        function accordionFocus() {
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    function openA6tab(allA6Tabs, accordionControl)
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    // Output the number
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    function idLinkScrollFix(hash) {
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                let position = el_to_scroll_to.getBoundingClientRect();
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        }, 500);
    }
</script>
</body>

</html>
